Seasonal Abundance and Species Composition of Nephotettix spp., in Endemic and Non-Endemic Areas of Rice Tungro Virus Disease in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
- 1 Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
Abstract
Rice tungro disease is semi-persistently transmitted by five species of leafhopper. Nephotettix virescens Distant and N. nigropictus Stal. (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) are predominant species in South Sulawesi with vectoring efficiencies of 83 and 27%, respectively. Relative composition of those species affects the RTV incidence in the field. The purpose of the study was to determine the presence and abundance of those species in RTV-endemic and non-RTV-endemic areas in South Sulawesi. The presence of both species at different altitudinal levels was also determined. The results showed that N. virescens was present in both RTV-endemic and non-RTV-endemic areas. In RTV-endemic area, N. virescens was the only species found. Higher number of N. nigropictus existed in non-endemic area with less intensive use of insecticide than in non-endemic area with intensive use of insecticides. Nephotettix virescens was found in the low (< 100 m above sea level) and mid (500-700 m) altitudes but not in the high elevation (> 1000 m). In the high altitude, only N. nigropictus existed. This species was also present in the mid and lower levels in non-RTV-endemic area with lower intensity of insecticide use.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ojbsci.2016.130.136
Copyright: © 2016 Andi Nasruddin, Muhammad Danial Rahim and Fatahuddin. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Keywords
- Nephotettix virescens
- Nephotettix nigropictus
- Tungro
- Rice
- Leafhopper