Extension Model Based on Farmers’ Resources and Need to Improve Feed Technology Adoption

Abstract

Feed technology is essential for improving beef cattle productivity, yet its adoption by farmers often remains partial and misaligned with their actual needs. This study aimed to develop a context-responsive agricultural extension model to enhance the adoption of feed-related innovations among beef cattle farmers. The research was conducted in Herlang and Bulukumpa Districts, Bulukumba Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach complemented by quantitative elements, data were collected through structured interviews (employing both closed and open-ended questions), three rounds of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with farmer groups and experts, and in-depth interviews with key informants selected through purposive sampling. Informants included farmers, local policymakers, academics, and government representatives who possessed relevant knowledge and experience. From a total population of 373 beef cattle farmers (168 in Herlang and 205 in Bulukumpa), a sample of 254 farmers was determined using the Slovin formula. The study successfully formulated an extension model termed the Pusaka Ternak model grounded in farmers’ local resources, challenges, and institutional context. This model strengthens communication and collaboration between extension agents and farmers, offering a practical and scalable approach to improve the relevance, adoption, and impact of feed technology in smallholder beef cattle farming.