Exploring Self-Esteem and Body Dissatisfaction Among Jamaican Youths: Unraveling Influential Factors and Promoting Positive Self-Image

Abstract

This qualitative study explores body image and self-esteem perceptions among Jamaican youths aged 9-15, framed within a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. PAR, grounded in critical theory and social constructivism, emphasizes collaborative inquiry, cyclical reflection, and action to address social issues relevant to the participants' lived experiences. This methodology is particularly suited for youth-centred, culturally situated research, as it empowers participants to identify problems and co-create solutions. The central research question guiding this PAR study is: How do Jamaican youths perceive and experience body image and self-esteem, and what community-driven strategies can promote positive self-image among this group? Following a 3-day Self-Esteem and Image Enhancement Workshop designed to foster positive self-perception, 37 participants (23 females and 14 males) engaged in focus group discussions. Data were analysed using thematic analysis to identify key themes related to beauty perceptions and self-esteem within the specific context of Jamaican youth culture. Thematic analysis revealed that participants defined beauty as a blend of physical and non-physical attributes, emphasizing self-assurance alongside conventional features. While many expressed pride in their cultural heritage, they also acknowledged the significant influence of Eurocentric beauty standards, often feeling inadequate compared to lighter-skinned models in media. Participants reported societal pressures regarding weight and grooming that negatively impacted their self-esteem. Coping strategies included self-affirmations and strategic media consumption. Family support, particularly from siblings, emerged as crucial. Participants expressed a desire for community initiatives promoting body positivity, such as mentorship programs featuring local influencers. This research highlights the need for targeted interventions addressing the complexities of beauty perceptions among Jamaican youths. By fostering an environment that values diversity and promotes self-acceptance, stakeholders can mitigate the negative impacts of societal pressures on self-esteem. The findings contribute valuable insights for enhancing future workshops aimed at empowering youth through positive body image initiatives.