Pathological and Immunohistochemical Findings of Prostate Glands from Clinically Normal Dogs

Abstract

To investigate the incidental histopathologic findings in clinically normal dogs and determine the immunohistochemical expression of several tissue-specific differentiation markers. The University of Mosul's animal research ethical committee authorized this study (UoM.Dent/A.DM.L.1/22). Seven samples were obtained from the veterinary hospital in cooperation with the College of Dentistry. Dogs with two detectable testicles were considered intact. Dogs with a history of clinical signs of prostatic or lower urinary tract disease were dismissed from the study. Sections were cut at 5µm, and then hematoxylin and eosin staining procedures were applied. Immunohistochemistry was performed following the manufacturer's protocol for each antibody. Typical prostatic glandular features lined by simple columnar epithelial cells with apical intracytoplasmic eosinophilic granules were detected, which represent a major basic protein. Additionally, despite a lack of gross lesions, 13 types of microscopic lesions were identified. Infiltration by lymphocytes and plasma cells was the most frequent, in 85.71% (6/7) of samples. Atrophied glands and congested blood vessels were noticed in 71.42% (5/7). Intraluminal glandular hyperplasia, epithelial vacuolar degeneration, and increased fibrous tissue were detected in 57.14% (4/7). Increased interstitial stroma was found in 42.85% (3/7). Polypoid projections, hyaline cast deposition, cystic alveoli, and epithelial lining deterioration play a significant role in the inflammatory process, prostate concretions and capsule thickening were rarer abnormalities. P63, cytokeratin 8, and high molecular weight cytokeratin were used to target normal prostate gland cells in clinically normal mixed-breed dogs. We also investigated the expression of BCL -2 and P53, which have been recorded in human prostatic cancer. P63 was detected in all samples and CK8 was detected in 7/8 samples. No samples had immunoreactivity for BCL-2 and P53. Prostate samples from normal dogs show a spectrum of lesions, with a majority of samples having lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. IHC found weak to strong P63 immunoreactivity and strong CK8 immunoreactivity, with no reactivity for P53, BCL-2, and HMWC. All statistical work, both descriptive and inferential, was accomplished in JMP Pro 16.1. Analyzing with a chi-squared test. By showing similar lesions to those seen in humans, even in normal cases, these results further suggest that dogs may be a suitable model for human prostatic illness. Also, caution is warranted while looking for small neoplasms, as these lesions may hide small neoplasm foci.